<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:88a8e9b9-3c52-4b55-9725-7009b21859d3,g:d6d4204f-97d7-4af0-9d1d-251b76c9508e-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:mdgl="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/20251231" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/20251231">
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd-af-sub/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2025/cyd-af-sub-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mdgl-20251231_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mdgl-20251231_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mdgl-20251231_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mdgl-20251231_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="CoverPage" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CoverPage">
        <link:definition>0000001 - Document - Cover Page</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AuditInformation" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/AuditInformation">
        <link:definition>0000002 - Document - Audit Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
        <link:definition>9952151 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
        <link:definition>9952152 - Statement - Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ConsolidatedStatementsofOperations" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsofOperations">
        <link:definition>9952153 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Operations</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ConsolidatedStatementsofComprehensiveLoss" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsofComprehensiveLoss">
        <link:definition>9952154 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ConsolidatedStatementsofStockholdersEquity" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsofStockholdersEquity">
        <link:definition>9952155 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ConsolidatedStatementsofCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ConsolidatedStatementsofCashFlows">
        <link:definition>9952156 - Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OrganizationBusinessandBasisofPresentation" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/OrganizationBusinessandBasisofPresentation">
        <link:definition>9952157 - Disclosure - Organization, Business and Basis of Presentation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>9952158 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LiquidityandUncertainties" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LiquidityandUncertainties">
        <link:definition>9952159 - Disclosure - Liquidity and Uncertainties</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ProductRevenueNet" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ProductRevenueNet">
        <link:definition>9952160 - Disclosure - Product Revenue, Net</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecurities" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecurities">
        <link:definition>9952161 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Marketable Securities</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="Inventory" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/Inventory">
        <link:definition>9952162 - Disclosure - Inventory</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AccruedLiabilities" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/AccruedLiabilities">
        <link:definition>9952163 - Disclosure - Accrued Liabilities</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LongTermDebt" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LongTermDebt">
        <link:definition>9952164 - Disclosure - Long Term Debt</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockholdersEquity" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockholdersEquity">
        <link:definition>9952165 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensation" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensation">
        <link:definition>9952166 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="Leases" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/Leases">
        <link:definition>9952167 - Disclosure - Leases</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingencies" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CommitmentsandContingencies">
        <link:definition>9952168 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxes" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/IncomeTaxes">
        <link:definition>9952169 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SegmentInformation" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SegmentInformation">
        <link:definition>9952170 - Disclosure - Segment Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>9955511 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
        <link:definition>9955512 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ProductRevenueNetTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ProductRevenueNetTables">
        <link:definition>9955513 - Disclosure - Product Revenue, Net (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecuritiesTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecuritiesTables">
        <link:definition>9955514 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Marketable Securities (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoryTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/InventoryTables">
        <link:definition>9955515 - Disclosure - Inventory (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AccruedLiabilitiesTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/AccruedLiabilitiesTables">
        <link:definition>9955516 - Disclosure - Accrued Liabilities (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LongTermDebtTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LongTermDebtTables">
        <link:definition>9955517 - Disclosure - Long Term Debt (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationTables">
        <link:definition>9955518 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LeasesTables">
        <link:definition>9955519 - Disclosure - Leases (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables">
        <link:definition>9955520 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SegmentInformationTables" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SegmentInformationTables">
        <link:definition>9955521 - Disclosure - Segment Information (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTradeReceivablesNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesTradeReceivablesNetDetails">
        <link:definition>9955522 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Trade Receivables, Net (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesMarketableSecuritiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesMarketableSecuritiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955523 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Marketable Securities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingGeneralandAdministrativeExpensesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesSellingGeneralandAdministrativeExpensesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955524 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPatentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPatentsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955525 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Patents (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesIncomeTaxesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesIncomeTaxesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955526 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Income Taxes (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesBasicandDilutedLossPerCommonShareDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesBasicandDilutedLossPerCommonShareDetails">
        <link:definition>9955527 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LiquidityandUncertaintiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LiquidityandUncertaintiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955528 - Disclosure - Liquidity and Uncertainties (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ProductRevenueNetScheduleOfGrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ProductRevenueNetScheduleOfGrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveDetails">
        <link:definition>9955529 - Disclosure - Product Revenue, Net - Schedule Of Gross To Net Adjustments Reserve (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ProductRevenueNetSchedulesofConcentrationsofCreditRiskandSignificantCustomersDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/ProductRevenueNetSchedulesofConcentrationsofCreditRiskandSignificantCustomersDetails">
        <link:definition>9955530 - Disclosure - Product Revenue, Net - Schedules of Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecuritiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecuritiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955531 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Marketable Securities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecuritiesDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashandMarketableSecuritiesDetails_1">
        <link:definition>9955531 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Marketable Securities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoryDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/InventoryDetails">
        <link:definition>9955532 - Disclosure - Inventory (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AccruedLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/AccruedLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955533 - Disclosure - Accrued Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LongTermDebtNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LongTermDebtNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955534 - Disclosure - Long Term Debt - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LongTermDebtScheduleofMaturitiesofLongTermDebtDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LongTermDebtScheduleofMaturitiesofLongTermDebtDetails">
        <link:definition>9955535 - Disclosure - Long Term Debt - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockholdersEquityCommonStockDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockholdersEquityCommonStockDetails">
        <link:definition>9955536 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockholdersEquityPreferredStockDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockholdersEquityPreferredStockDetails">
        <link:definition>9955537 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - Preferred Stock (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockholdersEquity2024PublicOfferingDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockholdersEquity2024PublicOfferingDetails">
        <link:definition>9955538 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - 2024 Public Offering (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockholdersEquity2023PublicOfferingDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockholdersEquity2023PublicOfferingDetails">
        <link:definition>9955539 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - 2023 Public Offering (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockholdersEquityAtTheMarketIssuancesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockholdersEquityAtTheMarketIssuancesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955540 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - At The Market Issuances (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955541 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationStockOptionActivityDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationStockOptionActivityDetails">
        <link:definition>9955542 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation - Stock Option Activity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationScheduleofWeightedaverageValuesofAssumptionsUsedinComputingFairValueofOptionGrantsDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationScheduleofWeightedaverageValuesofAssumptionsUsedinComputingFairValueofOptionGrantsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955543 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Weighted-average Values of Assumptions Used in Computing Fair Value of Option Grants (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationRestrictedStockUnitsDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationRestrictedStockUnitsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955544 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationPerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationPerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955545 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation - Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockbasedCompensationExpenseDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/StockbasedCompensationExpenseDetails">
        <link:definition>9955546 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation - Expense (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LeasesNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955547 - Disclosure - Leases - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesMinimumPaymentsforOperatingLeasesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LeasesMinimumPaymentsforOperatingLeasesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955548 - Disclosure - Leases - Minimum Payments for Operating Leases (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesMinimumPaymentsforOperatingLeasesDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/LeasesMinimumPaymentsforOperatingLeasesDetails_1">
        <link:definition>9955548 - Disclosure - Leases - Minimum Payments for Operating Leases (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955549 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/IncomeTaxesNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955550 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/IncomeTaxesUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955551 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesDeferredTaxAssetsandLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/IncomeTaxesDeferredTaxAssetsandLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955552 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/IncomeTaxesEffectiveIncomeTaxRateDetails">
        <link:definition>9955553 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SegmentInformationNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SegmentInformationNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955554 - Disclosure - Segment Information - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SegmentInformationScheduleofSegmentInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.madrigalpharma.com/role/SegmentInformationScheduleofSegmentInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>9955555 - Disclosure - Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_AuditInformationAbstract" abstract="true" name="AuditInformationAbstract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetPeriodicReductionIncrease" abstract="false" name="OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetPeriodicReductionIncrease" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestNetOfInterestReceived" abstract="false" name="IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedInterestNetOfInterestReceived" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PatentsPolicyTextBlock" abstract="false" name="PatentsPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ScheduleOfGrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveTableTextBlock" abstract="false" name="ScheduleOfGrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PatentCosts" abstract="false" name="PatentCosts" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DeferredTaxAssetsPercentageOfValuationAllowance" abstract="false" name="DeferredTaxAssetsPercentageOfValuationAllowance" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember" abstract="true" name="PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PreFundedWarrantsMember" abstract="true" name="PreFundedWarrantsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_TheFinancingAgreementMember" abstract="true" name="TheFinancingAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ChargebacksDiscountsForPromptPayAndOtherAllowancesMember" abstract="true" name="ChargebacksDiscountsForPromptPayAndOtherAllowancesMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_RebatesCustomerFeesCreditsCoPayAssistanceAndOtherMember" abstract="true" name="RebatesCustomerFeesCreditsCoPayAssistanceAndOtherMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserve" abstract="false" name="GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserve" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveProvisionRelatedToCurrentPeriodSales" abstract="false" name="GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveProvisionRelatedToCurrentPeriodSales" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveProvisionRelatedToPriorPeriodSales" abstract="false" name="GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveProvisionRelatedToPriorPeriodSales" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveCreditsAndPaymentsMade" abstract="false" name="GrossToNetAdjustmentsReserveCreditsAndPaymentsMade" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CustomerAMember" abstract="true" name="CustomerAMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CustomerBMember" abstract="true" name="CustomerBMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CustomerCMember" abstract="true" name="CustomerCMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CustomerDMember" abstract="true" name="CustomerDMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CorporateDebtSecuritiesDueWithinOneToTwoYearsOfDateOfPurchaseMember" abstract="true" name="CorporateDebtSecuritiesDueWithinOneToTwoYearsOfDateOfPurchaseMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_USTreasuryAndGovernmentDueWithinOneYearMember" abstract="true" name="USTreasuryAndGovernmentDueWithinOneYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_USTreasuryAndGovernmentDueWithinOneToTwoYearsMember" abstract="true" name="USTreasuryAndGovernmentDueWithinOneToTwoYearsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndShortTermInvestmentsAtCost" abstract="false" name="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndShortTermInvestmentsAtCost" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndShortTermInvestments" abstract="false" name="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndShortTermInvestments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ProvisionForExcessInventory" abstract="false" name="ProvisionForExcessInventory" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_GrossToNetAccruedExpensesCurrent" abstract="false" name="GrossToNetAccruedExpensesCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_AccruedClinicalStudyManufacturingAndDrugSupplyCurrent" abstract="false" name="AccruedClinicalStudyManufacturingAndDrugSupplyCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_AccruedSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeCurrent" abstract="false" name="AccruedSellingGeneralAndAdministrativeCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_LoanFacilityMember" abstract="true" name="LoanFacilityMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_HerculesWarrantsMember" abstract="true" name="HerculesWarrantsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_VariableRateComponentAxis" abstract="true" name="VariableRateComponentAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_VariableRateComponentDomain" abstract="true" name="VariableRateComponentDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_VariableRateComponentOneMember" abstract="true" name="VariableRateComponentOneMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_VariableRateComponentTwoMember" abstract="true" name="VariableRateComponentTwoMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_RepaymentsOfLongTermLinesOfCreditGross" abstract="false" name="RepaymentsOfLongTermLinesOfCreditGross" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_LineOfCreditFacilityAccordionFeatureIncreaseLimit" abstract="false" name="LineOfCreditFacilityAccordionFeatureIncreaseLimit" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRateFloor" abstract="false" name="DebtInstrumentBasisSpreadOnVariableRateFloor" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" abstract="false" name="DebtInstrumentPrepaymentPenaltyPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DebtInstrumentCovenantUnrestrictedCashMinimum" abstract="false" name="DebtInstrumentCovenantUnrestrictedCashMinimum" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CommonStockVotingRightsNumber" abstract="false" name="CommonStockVotingRightsNumber" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ConvertibleSeriesAAndBPreferredStockMember" abstract="true" name="ConvertibleSeriesAAndBPreferredStockMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PreferredStockNumberOfVotingRights" abstract="false" name="PreferredStockNumberOfVotingRights" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PublicOffering2024Member" abstract="true" name="PublicOffering2024Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ClassOfWarrantOrRightStockPriceDiscountPerCommonShare" abstract="false" name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightStockPriceDiscountPerCommonShare" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_SaleOfStockPurchasingPeriod" abstract="false" name="SaleOfStockPurchasingPeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransactionGross" abstract="false" name="SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransactionGross" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ClassOfWarrantOrRightBeneficialOwnershipExerciseThreshold" abstract="false" name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightBeneficialOwnershipExerciseThreshold" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:pureItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ClassOfWarrantOrRightBeneficialOwnershipMaximumThreshold" abstract="false" name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightBeneficialOwnershipMaximumThreshold" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:pureItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ClassOfWarrantOrRightBeneficialOwnershipExercisePercentageNoticePeriod" abstract="false" name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightBeneficialOwnershipExercisePercentageNoticePeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PublicOffering2023Member" abstract="true" name="PublicOffering2023Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_SalesAgreementMember" abstract="true" name="SalesAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_SalesAgreementAndSalesAgreementAmendmentMember" abstract="true" name="SalesAgreementAndSalesAgreementAmendmentMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_StockPlan2015Member" abstract="true" name="StockPlan2015Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_InducementPlan2023Member" abstract="true" name="InducementPlan2023Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_InducementPlan2025Member" abstract="true" name="InducementPlan2025Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CommonStockAdditionalCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" abstract="false" name="CommonStockAdditionalCapitalSharesReservedForFutureIssuance" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:sharesItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CommonStockCapitalSharesGrantedAndIssuable" abstract="false" name="CommonStockCapitalSharesGrantedAndIssuable" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:sharesItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualLifeAbstract" abstract="true" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualLifeAbstract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValueAbstract" abstract="true" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsOutstandingAggregateIntrinsicValueAbstract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_EligibleToEarnPerformanceShareMember" abstract="true" name="EligibleToEarnPerformanceShareMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisable" abstract="false" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisable" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:sharesItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" abstract="false" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsExercisableWeightedAverageGrantDateFairValue" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:sharesItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_LesseeOperatingLeaseNumberOfAmendments" abstract="false" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseNumberOfAmendments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_HoffmanLaRocheMember" abstract="true" name="HoffmanLaRocheMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CSPCPharmaceuticalGroupLimitedMember" abstract="true" name="CSPCPharmaceuticalGroupLimitedMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_PfizerMember" abstract="true" name="PfizerMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_SuzhouRiboLifeScienceCo.Ltd.AndRibocurePharmaceuticalsABMember" abstract="true" name="SuzhouRiboLifeScienceCo.Ltd.AndRibocurePharmaceuticalsABMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ResearchDevelopmentAndCommercializationAgreementMember" abstract="true" name="ResearchDevelopmentAndCommercializationAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_CollaborativeArrangementContingentConsiderationLiabilityMilestonePayment" abstract="false" name="CollaborativeArrangementContingentConsiderationLiabilityMilestonePayment" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_RemainingMilestonePayments" abstract="false" name="RemainingMilestonePayments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ResearchAndDevelopmentUpfrontPayment" abstract="false" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentUpfrontPayment" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ResearchAndDevelopmentMaximumAggregateMilestonePayments" abstract="false" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentMaximumAggregateMilestonePayments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_NumberOfAdditionalEarlyStageMASHAssets" abstract="false" name="NumberOfAdditionalEarlyStageMASHAssets" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_NumberOfLicensedEarlyStageAssetsEligibleForAdditionalMilestonePayments" abstract="false" name="NumberOfLicensedEarlyStageAssetsEligibleForAdditionalMilestonePayments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_NumberOfSiRNACandidates" abstract="false" name="NumberOfSiRNACandidates" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" abstract="false" name="OperatingLossCarryforwardsSubjectToExpiration" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsGrossToNetAccruals" abstract="false" name="DeferredTaxAssetsTaxDeferredExpenseReservesAndAccrualsGrossToNetAccruals" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsAndOtherCarryforwards" abstract="false" name="DeferredTaxAssetsOperatingLossCarryforwardsAndOtherCarryforwards" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" abstract="false" name="DeferredTaxAssetsDeferredExpenseCapitalizedResearchAndDevelopmentCosts" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense162MLimitationAmount" abstract="false" name="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense162MLimitationAmount" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense162MLimitationPercent" abstract="false" name="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationNondeductibleExpense162MLimitationPercent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_SegmentReportingNumberOfCoreValuesSupportingOperatingDecisions" abstract="false" name="SegmentReportingNumberOfCoreValuesSupportingOperatingDecisions" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ReportableSegmentMember" abstract="true" name="ReportableSegmentMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePersonnelAndInternal" abstract="false" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensePersonnelAndInternal" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mdgl_ResearchAndDevelopmentExternalExpense" abstract="false" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentExternalExpense" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
